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Reverse Osmosis Ship — Sizing, Layout & Energy (SWRO Guide)

Daftar Isi

reverse osmosis ship03

Reverse osmosis ship systems convert seawater to potable water on board. To size a shipboard SWRO correctly, calculate daily demand (crew + galley/laundry + process uses), add a safety margin, divide by uptime hours/day to get permeate m³/h, and set a conservative recovery (35–45%). A reliable layout is intake → pretreatment → RO → post-treatment → storage with clear controls and interlocks.

Robust interlocks are essential at sea (dosing low-level, sea chest, tank levels, HP pump protections).

Typical recovery 35–45%; colder seawater reduces flux.

Energy3–8 kWh/m³ depending on scale, temperature, energy recovery.

Pretreatment quality drives uptime more than the RO itself.

  • Typical recovery 35–45%; lower seawater temperature reduces flux.
  • Energy often ~3–8 kWh/m³ depending on scale, temperature and energy recovery.
  • Pretreatment quality drives uptime more than RO itself.
  • Design interlocks matter at sea (dosing low-level, sea chest, tank levels, HP pump protections).

New to RO? See a quick primer on membalikkan osmosis.

Reverse osmosis ship sizing workflow (step-by-step)

A shipboard reverse osmosis (SWRO) system draws seawater from the sea chest, screens and conditions it, then uses a high-pressure pump to force water through RO membranes. Permeate is polished and routed to the fresh-water tank, while brine is discharged overboard per local rules.

Use case fit: commercial vessels, offshore service ships, yachts, island ferries—anywhere bunkering is limited or costly.

reverse osmosis ship01
reverse osmosis ship01

Reverse osmosis ship summary & next steps

Ini reverse osmosis ship guide outlined sizing formulas, core layout, energy ranges and a starter BOM. For a fast start, use the free RO sizing calculator and the reverse osmosis ship sizing worksheet, then adapt recovery and pretreatment to your route and seawater temperature.

Sizing workflow (step-by-step)

Inputs to collect

  • Crew count dan L/day/person (e.g., 60–120 L)
  • Galley & laundry L/daytechnical/process L/day
  • Safety margin (e.g., +10–20%)
  • Uptime hours/day (e.g., 16–24 h available runtime)
  • Seawater TDS/temperaturetarget recovery (%)

Formulas

  • Daily demand (L) = crew × L/day/person + galley/laundry + process
  • Design demand (L) = daily demand × (1 + safety %)
  • Required permeate (m³/h) = design demand ÷ uptime (h) ÷ 1000
  • Estimated feed (m³/h) = permeate ÷ (recovery %)

Try the free RO sizing calculator

Downloadable: Ship RO Sizing Worksheet (XLSX)

Array & membranes

  • Small/medium skids: 4040 or 8040 elements; arrays like 1:1, 2:1, 2:2.
  • Pick HR (high rejection) for product quality or LE (low energy) for lower pressure.

Kiat pro: Design with conservative flux, account for cold seawater, and leave CIP access/ports.

Intake & pretreatment (seawater side)

Intake path

  • Sea chest → lift pump → coarse strainer (basket filter)
  • Optional multimedia / activated carbon depending on waters
  • 5-µm cartridge filter before HP pump (monitor ΔP)
  • Chemical dosing as required: antiscalant, SMBS (dechlorination), pH adjust

Why it matters: At sea, the fastest way to lose production is fouling upstream of RO. Stable pretreatment = fewer unplanned stops.

RO skid, pressure & energy

Core hardware

  • HP pump (SS316 wetted parts), pressure vesselsMembran ROinstruments (flow, pressure, conductivity), PLC + HMI
  • Optional energy recovery on larger SWRO units

Operating envelope

  • Pressure commonly tens of bar for SWRO (model-dependent)
  • Energy guideline ~3–8 kWh/m³ (smaller units at the higher end; cooler water or high TDS raises demand)

Account for ventilation and access for cartridge changes and CIP cart docking.

Materials & corrosion control

  • SS316/316L for piping and pumps; duplex options where needed
  • Coatings for frames in marine environments
  • Salt-resistant valves, sensors, cables; protect electronics from salt mist
Man operating reverse osmosis equipment.
Man operating reverse osmosis equipment.

Post-treatment & potable storage

  • Remineralization / pH adjustment as needed for taste and stability
  • UV or equivalent disinfection
  • Route to fresh-water tanks with level interlocks and appropriate venting

Controls & interlocks checklist

  • HP pump low-pressure protection (NPSH/sea chest)
  • Cartridge ΔP high alarm/shutdown
  • Dosing low-level interlock
  • Fresh-water tank high/low level interlocks
  • Conductivity high divert to drain
  • Auto flush on stop/start; CIP enable and permissives

Example spec (editable)

ItemValue (example)
Kapasitas5 m³/h permeate
FeedOpen-sea seawater, ~35,000 mg/L TDS25 °C
Pemulihan~40% (temperature-dependent)
Array2:1 with 8040 membranes
BahanFrame SS304, wetted SS316L
ControlsPLC + HMI, auto-flush, interlocks as above
PowerAs sized per pump curve

Internal links: Industrial RO plants - RO accessories & spare parts - Stainless-steel tanks - Free RO sizing calculator

Bill of Materials (BOM) starter

  • Sea chest & lift pump, coarse strainer
  • Cartridge filter housing + 5-µm cartridges
  • Antiscalant / SMBS dosing packages
  • HP pump, RO membranes & vessels, instrumentation
  • PLC + HMI + VFD (where applicable)
  • UV / remineralization, potable tank connections
  • CIP cart/ports, hoses, cleaning chemicals

Maintenance at sea (quick plan)

  • Daily: check ΔP, conductivity, flows, chemical levels
  • Weekly: change cartridges (or per ΔP), inspect strainers
  • CIP triggers: ~10–15% normalized flow loss or ~15% ΔP rise, or product quality drift
  • Lay-up: flush, protect membranes per vendor guidance

Pertanyaan Umum

Can ships use RO water directly for drinking?
Yes—after appropriate post-treatment (e.g., remineralization, disinfection) and compliance with your flag/state requirements.

How much energy does shipboard RO consume?
A practical range is ~3–8 kWh/m³, depending on capacity, temperature, recovery, and whether energy recovery is used.

What recovery should I target at sea?
Many designs start around 35–45% and adjust with temperature, fouling risk, and water quality.

When should I run CIP?
Common triggers are 10–15% permeate drop (normalized), ~15% ΔP increase, or sustained quality drift.

What spares should we carry for 3–6 months?
5-µm cartridges, antiscalant and SMBS, pump seal kit, pressure-vessel O-rings, one spare membrane element per train (optional), and critical sensors/UV lamp.

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