Reverse osmosis ship systems convert seawater to potable water on board. To size a shipboard SWRO correctly, calculate daily demand (crew + galley/laundry + process uses), add a safety margin, divide by uptime hours/day to get permeate m³/h, and set a conservative recovery (35–45%). A reliable layout is intake → pretreatment → RO → post-treatment → storage with clear controls and interlocks.
Robust interlocks are essential at sea (dosing low-level, sea chest, tank levels, HP pump protections).
Typical recovery 35–45%; colder seawater reduces flux.
Energy ≈ 3–8 kWh/m³ depending on scale, temperature, energy recovery.
Pretreatment quality drives uptime more than the RO itself.
- Typical recovery 35–45%; lower seawater temperature reduces flux.
- Energy often ~3–8 kWh/m³ depending on scale, temperature and energy recovery.
- Pretreatment quality drives uptime more than RO itself.
- Design interlocks matter at sea (dosing low-level, sea chest, tank levels, HP pump protections).
New to RO? See a quick primer on membalikkan osmosis.
Reverse osmosis ship sizing workflow (step-by-step)
A shipboard reverse osmosis (SWRO) system draws seawater from the sea chest, screens and conditions it, then uses a high-pressure pump to force water through RO membranes. Permeate is polished and routed to the fresh-water tank, while brine is discharged overboard per local rules.
Use case fit: commercial vessels, offshore service ships, yachts, island ferries—anywhere bunkering is limited or costly.
Reverse osmosis ship summary & next steps
Ini reverse osmosis ship guide outlined sizing formulas, core layout, energy ranges and a starter BOM. For a fast start, use the free RO sizing calculator and the reverse osmosis ship sizing worksheet, then adapt recovery and pretreatment to your route and seawater temperature.
Sizing workflow (step-by-step)
Inputs to collect
- Crew count dan L/day/person (e.g., 60–120 L)
- Galley & laundry L/day, technical/process L/day
- Safety margin (e.g., +10–20%)
- Uptime hours/day (e.g., 16–24 h available runtime)
- Seawater TDS/temperature, target recovery (%)
Formulas
- Daily demand (L) = crew × L/day/person + galley/laundry + process
- Design demand (L) = daily demand × (1 + safety %)
- Required permeate (m³/h) = design demand ÷ uptime (h) ÷ 1000
- Estimated feed (m³/h) = permeate ÷ (recovery %)
Try the free RO sizing calculator
Downloadable: Ship RO Sizing Worksheet (XLSX)
Array & membranes
- Small/medium skids: 4040 or 8040 elements; arrays like 1:1, 2:1, 2:2.
- Pick HR (high rejection) for product quality or LE (low energy) for lower pressure.
Kiat pro: Design with conservative flux, account for cold seawater, and leave CIP access/ports.
Intake & pretreatment (seawater side)
Intake path
- Sea chest → lift pump → coarse strainer (basket filter)
- Optional multimedia / activated carbon depending on waters
- 5-µm cartridge filter before HP pump (monitor ΔP)
- Chemical dosing as required: antiscalant, SMBS (dechlorination), pH adjust
Why it matters: At sea, the fastest way to lose production is fouling upstream of RO. Stable pretreatment = fewer unplanned stops.
RO skid, pressure & energy
Core hardware
- HP pump (SS316 wetted parts), pressure vessels, Membran RO, instruments (flow, pressure, conductivity), PLC + HMI
- Optional energy recovery on larger SWRO units
Operating envelope
- Pressure commonly tens of bar for SWRO (model-dependent)
- Energy guideline ~3–8 kWh/m³ (smaller units at the higher end; cooler water or high TDS raises demand)
Account for ventilation and access for cartridge changes and CIP cart docking.
Materials & corrosion control
- SS316/316L for piping and pumps; duplex options where needed
- Coatings for frames in marine environments
- Salt-resistant valves, sensors, cables; protect electronics from salt mist
Post-treatment & potable storage
- Remineralization / pH adjustment as needed for taste and stability
- UV or equivalent disinfection
- Route to fresh-water tanks with level interlocks and appropriate venting
Controls & interlocks checklist
- HP pump low-pressure protection (NPSH/sea chest)
- Cartridge ΔP high alarm/shutdown
- Dosing low-level interlock
- Fresh-water tank high/low level interlocks
- Conductivity high divert to drain
- Auto flush on stop/start; CIP enable and permissives
Example spec (editable)
Item | Value (example) |
---|---|
Kapasitas | 5 m³/h permeate |
Feed | Open-sea seawater, ~35,000 mg/L TDS, 25 °C |
Pemulihan | ~40% (temperature-dependent) |
Array | 2:1 with 8040 membranes |
Bahan | Frame SS304, wetted SS316L |
Controls | PLC + HMI, auto-flush, interlocks as above |
Power | As sized per pump curve |
Internal links: Industrial RO plants - RO accessories & spare parts - Stainless-steel tanks - Free RO sizing calculator
Bill of Materials (BOM) starter
- Sea chest & lift pump, coarse strainer
- Cartridge filter housing + 5-µm cartridges
- Antiscalant / SMBS dosing packages
- HP pump, RO membranes & vessels, instrumentation
- PLC + HMI + VFD (where applicable)
- UV / remineralization, potable tank connections
- CIP cart/ports, hoses, cleaning chemicals
Maintenance at sea (quick plan)
- Daily: check ΔP, conductivity, flows, chemical levels
- Weekly: change cartridges (or per ΔP), inspect strainers
- CIP triggers: ~10–15% normalized flow loss or ~15% ΔP rise, or product quality drift
- Lay-up: flush, protect membranes per vendor guidance
Pertanyaan Umum
Can ships use RO water directly for drinking?
Yes—after appropriate post-treatment (e.g., remineralization, disinfection) and compliance with your flag/state requirements.
How much energy does shipboard RO consume?
A practical range is ~3–8 kWh/m³, depending on capacity, temperature, recovery, and whether energy recovery is used.
What recovery should I target at sea?
Many designs start around 35–45% and adjust with temperature, fouling risk, and water quality.
When should I run CIP?
Common triggers are 10–15% permeate drop (normalized), ~15% ΔP increase, or sustained quality drift.
What spares should we carry for 3–6 months?
5-µm cartridges, antiscalant and SMBS, pump seal kit, pressure-vessel O-rings, one spare membrane element per train (optional), and critical sensors/UV lamp.